{"id":30148,"date":"2022-11-11T14:12:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T13:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=30148"},"modified":"2023-06-30T13:14:09","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T12:14:09","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a just war?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Aux origines \u00e9taient les penseurs antiques. La paternit\u00e9 de la guerre juste serait \u00e0 trouver chez Cic\u00e9ron qui d\u00e9finit comme guerre \u00ab\u00a0juste\u00a0\u00bb les guerres appuy\u00e9es sur le respect d\u2019une alliance, la d\u00e9fense contre une agression, et ayant pour but l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une paix durable. Saint Augustin prolonge et impose ce concept. Dans un empire qui devient chr\u00e9tien et qu\u2019il s\u2019agit de d\u00e9fendre, si la guerre continue d\u2019\u00eatre tenue pour un mal en soi, elle peut \u00eatre un recours afin d\u2019\u00e9viter un mal plus grand encore. Il y a donc de mauvaises guerres et de bons combats. La guerre juste s\u2019appuie alors sur un triptyque\u00a0: d\u00e9fense de la Patrie, de ses citoyens et de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9. C\u2019est une guerre de d\u00e9fense, entreprise pour punir les m\u00e9chants, une guerre de protection et de restauration des droits particuliers menac\u00e9e ou viol\u00e9s. Saint Thomas d\u2019Aquin, au XIIIe si\u00e8cle, va la th\u00e9oriser\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Pour qu\u2019une guerre soit juste, elle doit \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e par une autorit\u00e9 publique comp\u00e9tente, la cause doit en \u00eatre juste, et l\u2019intention de celui qui la m\u00e8ne doit \u00eatre droite\u00a0\u00bb. La chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 n\u2019a donc accept\u00e9 la guerre que comme un mal \u00e0 prendre en compte, en cherchant \u00e0 l\u2019encadrer de toutes les fa\u00e7ons possibles.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Avec la naissance des \u00c9tats modernes et l\u2019ordre westphalien, la guerre juste ne dispara\u00eet pas pour autant mais se trouve d\u00e9sormais int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans le droit de la guerre (jus ad bellum) qui reprend peu ou prou les grandes orientations d\u00e9finies par l\u2019\u00c9glise, et jusque dans la Charte des Nations unies. En outre, le Vatican d\u00e9ploie une diplomatie active qui pr\u00f4ne \u2013 y compris dans les temps les plus sombres \u2013 une forme de dialogue entre les parties. D\u00e8s le concile Vatican II, en appelant les dirigeants \u00e0 refuser le risque de l\u2019holocauste nucl\u00e9aire, les papes se font les chantres du d\u00e9sarmement. Y aurait-il donc une nouvelle \u00e9volution avec le pape Fran\u00e7ois\u00a0? Dans son encyclique Fratelli tutti (3 octobre 2020), il appelle \u00e0 un retour de la fraternit\u00e9 universelle, \u00e0 un monde ouvert (sans murs, sans fronti\u00e8res, sans exclus et sans \u00e9trangers). Soulignant combien la guerre ne peut \u00eatre une solution, le pape affirme que \u00ab\u00a0les risques [dans la guerre] seront probablement toujours plus grands que l\u2019utilit\u00e9 hypoth\u00e9tique qu\u2019on lui attribue. Face \u00e0 cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il est tr\u00e8s difficile aujourd\u2019hui de d\u00e9fendre les crit\u00e8res rationnels, m\u00fbris en d\u2019autres temps, pour parler d\u2019une possible \u2018\u2019guerre juste\u2019\u2019. Jamais plus la guerre<\/em> \u00bb1<\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pourtant, cette encyclique m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre relue \u00e0 l\u2019aune de la guerre en Ukraine et de la fa\u00e7on dont Fran\u00e7ois et l\u2019\u00c9glise se sont engag\u00e9s dans ce dialogue : lors de la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction Urbi et orbi pour les P\u00e2ques 2022, en exhortant les peuples \u00e0 ne pas s\u2019habituer \u00e0 la guerre : \u00ab Que ceux qui ont la responsabilit\u00e9 des Nations entendent le cri de paix des gens<\/em> \u00bb2<\/sup> et plus r\u00e9cemment, dans le contexte d\u2019escalade et de menace nucl\u00e9aire, le 2 octobre dernier, en demandant au Pr\u00e9sident de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie d\u2019\u00ab arr\u00eater cette spirale de violence et de mort \u00bb, y compris \u00ab pour le bien de son peuple \u00bb et au Pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Ukraine, d\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab ouvert \u00e0 des propositions de paix s\u00e9rieuses<\/em> \u00bb3<\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Parler de guerre juste, c\u2019est aussi en effet accompagner la construction de la paix ; et les militaires, au quotidien, dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ouvertes et d\u00e9mocratiques, se font b\u00e2tisseurs de paix, en pr\u00e9venant le d\u00e9chainement des violences et en garantissant, pour le mieux qu\u2019ils le puissent, la protection des populations. Faut-il souligner combien, en apportant un soutien \u00e0 l\u2019Ukraine, en donnant les moyens aux soldats agress\u00e9s de se d\u00e9fendre et de d\u00e9fendre leurs infrastructures bombard\u00e9es, il y a toujours cette volont\u00e9 de servir et de prot\u00e9ger les plus faibles ?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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1<\/sup><\/strong> Pape Fran\u00e7ois, Fratelli tutti, 3 octobre 2020, <\/em><\/a>https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/fr\/encyclicals\/documents\/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.pdf<\/a><\/em>
2<\/sup><\/strong> https:\/\/www.france24.com\/fr\/europe\/20220417-le-pape-fran%C3%A7ois-appelle-%C3%A0-entendre-le-cri-de-paix-en-cette-p%C3%A2ques-de-guerre<\/a> 17 avril 2022.<\/em>
3<\/sup><\/strong> https:\/\/www.lavie.fr\/actualite\/geopolitique\/lappel-exceptionnel-du-pape-francois-pour-la-paix-en-ukraine-84545.php<\/a> 2 octobre 2022.<\/em><\/pre>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
On Friday 11 November, Lt-Gen Beno\u00eet Durieux, Director of the IHEDN, and Mgr de Romanet, Bishop of the French Armed Forces, discussed a concept that is still relevant today, formalised as far back as Antiquity and brought to light once again by the tragedy of the war in Ukraine. Beyond what religions preach, and which states should put into practice, is there a way to avoid resorting to this form of exacerbated violence? In an age of new forms of conflict, from information warfare to cyber and hybrid warfare, what can be said about the relevance of this concept?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[207,171,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-defense-militaire","category-notre-selection","category-precedents-conferences"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u2019est-ce que la guerre juste ? - L'IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce vendredi 11 novembre, le GCA Beno\u00eet Durieux, Directeur de l\u2019IHEDN et Mgr de Romanet, \u00e9v\u00eaque aux Arm\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises, ont d\u00e9battu sur un concept toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9, formalis\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et que la trag\u00e9die de la guerre en Ukraine remet en lumi\u00e8re. Au-del\u00e0 de ce que les religions pr\u00f4nent, et que les \u00c9tats devraient mettre en pratique, existe-t-il une fa\u00e7on de ne pas recourir \u00e0 cette forme de violence exacerb\u00e9e ? A l\u2019heure des nouvelles conflictualit\u00e9s, de la guerre de l\u2019information, au cyber en passant par la guerre hybride, que dire de la pertinence de ce concept ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que la guerre juste ? - L'IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce vendredi 11 novembre, le GCA Beno\u00eet Durieux, Directeur de l\u2019IHEDN et Mgr de Romanet, \u00e9v\u00eaque aux Arm\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises, ont d\u00e9battu sur un concept toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9, formalis\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et que la trag\u00e9die de la guerre en Ukraine remet en lumi\u00e8re. Au-del\u00e0 de ce que les religions pr\u00f4nent, et que les \u00c9tats devraient mettre en pratique, existe-t-il une fa\u00e7on de ne pas recourir \u00e0 cette forme de violence exacerb\u00e9e ? 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Beyond what religions preach, and which states should put into practice, is there a way to avoid resorting to this form of exacerbated violence? In an age of new forms of conflict, from information warfare to cyber and hybrid warfare, what can be said about the relevance of this concept?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la guerre juste ? - L'IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale","og_description":"Ce vendredi 11 novembre, le GCA Beno\u00eet Durieux, Directeur de l\u2019IHEDN et Mgr de Romanet, \u00e9v\u00eaque aux Arm\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises, ont d\u00e9battu sur un concept toujours d\u2019actualit\u00e9, formalis\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et que la trag\u00e9die de la guerre en Ukraine remet en lumi\u00e8re. Au-del\u00e0 de ce que les religions pr\u00f4nent, et que les \u00c9tats devraient mettre en pratique, existe-t-il une fa\u00e7on de ne pas recourir \u00e0 cette forme de violence exacerb\u00e9e ? A l\u2019heure des nouvelles conflictualit\u00e9s, de la guerre de l\u2019information, au cyber en passant par la guerre hybride, que dire de la pertinence de ce concept ?","og_url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/","og_site_name":"L'IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/","article_published_time":"2022-11-11T13:12:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-06-30T12:14:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2305,"height":1537,"url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/VISUEL-03-112_20220603_1er-RA-40eme-RA.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"dev","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@IHEDN","twitter_site":"@IHEDN","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"dev","Estimated reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/"},"author":{"name":"dev","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/7a40155595e4efb35323447cb8c8c5a4"},"headline":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la guerre juste ?","datePublished":"2022-11-11T13:12:15+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-30T12:14:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/"},"wordCount":694,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/VISUEL-03-112_20220603_1er-RA-40eme-RA.jpg","articleSection":["d\u00e9fense militaire","Notre s\u00e9lection","Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents conf\u00e9rences"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/","name":"What is a just war? - IHEDN: Institute for Advanced National Defence Studies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/VISUEL-03-112_20220603_1er-RA-40eme-RA.jpg","datePublished":"2022-11-11T13:12:15+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-30T12:14:09+00:00","description":"On Friday 11 November, Lt-Gen Beno\u00eet Durieux, Director of the IHEDN, and Mgr de Romanet, Bishop of the French Armed Forces, discussed a concept that is still relevant today, formalised as far back as Antiquity and brought to light once again by the tragedy of the war in Ukraine. Beyond what religions preach, and which states should put into practice, is there a way to avoid resorting to this form of exacerbated violence? In an age of new forms of conflict, from information warfare to cyber and hybrid warfare, what can be said about the relevance of this concept?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/VISUEL-03-112_20220603_1er-RA-40eme-RA.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/VISUEL-03-112_20220603_1er-RA-40eme-RA.jpg","width":2305,"height":1537},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/lundis-de-lihedn\/precedents-conferences\/quest-ce-que-la-guerre-juste\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Qu\u2019est-ce que la guerre juste ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","name":"IHEDN: Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale (Institute for Higher National Defence Studies)","description":"Official website of the IHEDN under the supervision of the Prime Minister.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization","name":"IHEDN - Institute for Higher National Defence Studies","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","width":500,"height":237,"caption":"IHEDN - Institut des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense Nationale"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/x.com\/IHEDN","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_des_hautes_\u00e9tudes_de_D\u00e9fense_nationale"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/7a40155595e4efb35323447cb8c8c5a4","name":"dev","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1ffcac9ca2fa95ad3ec33e9be3ade82f752acb0cabe541e56c5889225afa88a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1ffcac9ca2fa95ad3ec33e9be3ade82f752acb0cabe541e56c5889225afa88a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f1ffcac9ca2fa95ad3ec33e9be3ade82f752acb0cabe541e56c5889225afa88a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"dev"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ihedn.concilium.click"],"url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/dev\/"}]}},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-05 18:24:21","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30148"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30153,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30148\/revisions\/30153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27639"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}