{"id":37774,"date":"2023-04-03T08:05:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T07:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=37774"},"modified":"2023-04-03T08:06:44","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T07:06:44","slug":"frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/veille-strategique\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"France's Nuclear Weapons and Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"37774\" class=\"elementor elementor-37774\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4081231 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4081231\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9ab9f83\" data-id=\"9ab9f83\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db672a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db672a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This article looks at how France's nuclear deterrence policy is perceived by its European allies, and more specifically by Germany. It highlights the ambiguities in France's stance on the European dimension of its deterrent and makes a series of recommendations to strengthen France's role as a European nuclear power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6ddff94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6ddff94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5325fbb\" data-id=\"5325fbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a2824 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52a2824\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>HOROVITZ Liviu, WACHS Lydia, SWP Comment, 15 March 2023.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ccf058\" data-id=\"4ccf058\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba3b706 elementor-align-right elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ba3b706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/en\/publication\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-alt-circle-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zM140 300h116v70.9c0 10.7 13 16.1 20.5 8.5l114.3-114.9c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.2 0-16.9l-114.3-115c-7.6-7.6-20.5-2.2-20.5 8.5V212H140c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v64c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Visit<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cet article laisse voir la perception de la politique de dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire fran\u00e7aise par ses alli\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement par l\u2019Allemagne. Il met en \u00e9vidence les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s de la posture fran\u00e7aise vis-\u00e0-vis de la dimension europ\u00e9enne de sa dissuasion et formule une s\u00e9rie de recommandations afin de renforcer le r\u00f4le de la France en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[175],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-veille-strategique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons and Europe - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/comprendre\/veille-strategique\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons and Europe - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cet article laisse voir la perception de la politique de dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire fran\u00e7aise par ses alli\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement par l\u2019Allemagne. Il met en \u00e9vidence les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s de la posture fran\u00e7aise vis-\u00e0-vis de la dimension europ\u00e9enne de sa dissuasion et formule une s\u00e9rie de recommandations afin de renforcer le r\u00f4le de la France en [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/comprendre\/veille-strategique\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-03T07:05:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-03T07:06:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"dev\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"dev\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/comprendre\\\/veille-strategique\\\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/comprendre\\\/veille-strategique\\\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"dev\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7a40155595e4efb35323447cb8c8c5a4\"},\"headline\":\"France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons and Europe\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-03T07:05:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-03T07:06:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/comprendre\\\/veille-strategique\\\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":89,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Veille strat\u00e9gique\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/comprendre\\\/veille-strategique\\\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/comprendre\\\/veille-strategique\\\/frances-nuclear-weapons-and-europe\\\/\",\"name\":\"France\u2019s Nuclear Weapons and Europe - 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