{"id":46933,"date":"2024-04-08T09:15:07","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T08:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=46933"},"modified":"2024-04-08T16:11:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T15:11:09","slug":"les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran's non-state partners in the Middle East: proxies, really?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"46933\" class=\"elementor elementor-46933\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-784b020 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"784b020\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-32194f3\" data-id=\"32194f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9271cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9271cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c55293\" data-id=\"5c55293\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c44597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5c44597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"_3d-flip-book  fb3d-fullscreen-mode full-size\" data-id=\"46938\" data-mode=\"fullscreen\" data-title=\"false\" data-template=\"short-white-book-view\" data-lightbox=\"dark-shadow\" data-urlparam=\"fb3d-page\" data-page-n=\"0\" data-pdf=\"\" data-tax=\"null\" data-thumbnail=\"\" data-cols=\"3\" data-book-template=\"default\" data-trigger=\"\"><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA = window.FB3D_CLIENT_DATA || [];FB3D_CLIENT_DATA.push('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');window.FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render && FB3D_CLIENT_LOCALE.render();<\/script><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bddcd7b elementor-position-inline-end elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"bddcd7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTE-ANALYSE_AVRIL_v4-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Download the analysis note\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-file-download\" viewbox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224 136V0H24C10.7 0 0 10.7 0 24v464c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h336c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V160H248c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm76.45 211.36l-96.42 95.7c-6.65 6.61-17.39 6.61-24.04 0l-96.42-95.7C73.42 337.29 80.54 320 94.82 320H160v-80c0-8.84 7.16-16 16-16h32c8.84 0 16 7.16 16 16v80h65.18c14.28 0 21.4 17.29 11.27 27.36zM377 105L279.1 7c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H256v128h128v-6.1c0-6.3-2.5-12.4-7-16.9z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTE-ANALYSE_AVRIL_v4-4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload the analysis note\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73a555f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"73a555f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Lebanese Hezbollah, the Yemeni Houthis, armed Iraqi Shiite factions and even, more singularly, Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad are often presented as Iranian proxies in the Middle East. The underlying idea is that the key to influencing the actions of these groups would be to exert maximum pressure on Tehran. However, while there is evidence of Iranian material support for these non-state organisations, this does not, by its very nature, imply either total ideological alignment or a clear link of subordination. Speaking in general terms masks a reality that is likely to vary in terms of Iran's effective control over the direction of operations of the entities in question. This analysis highlights the limits of understanding the relationship between Tehran and the armed movements affiliated to it solely through the prism of the notion of proxies.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":46934,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notes-danalyse","category-notre-selection"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&#039;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ? - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La guerre d\u2019Ukraine a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats sur les d\u00e9pendances des Europ\u00e9ens vis-\u00e0-vis de ressources \u2013 notamment \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u2013 et de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res. Gaz russe, batteries \u00e9lectriques chinoises, semi-conducteurs ta\u00efwanais\u2026 Comment garantir la s\u00fbret\u00e9 de nos cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en cas de crise ? L\u2019une des solutions remises au go\u00fbt du jour concerne les stocks strat\u00e9giques, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019organisation, la gestion, et la reconstitution de certaines ressources jug\u00e9es essentielles soit pour la population, soit pour des industries. Cette note met en perspective la probl\u00e9matique du stockage, souligne la pertinence de certains mod\u00e8les, et pose en filigrane la probl\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9silience de nos pays et de la France.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&#039;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Hezbollah libanais, les Houthis y\u00e9m\u00e9nites, des factions arm\u00e9es chiites irakiennes ou m\u00eame, plus singuli\u00e8rement, le Hamas et le Jihad islamique palestiniens sont souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme des proxys iraniens au Moyen-Orient. L\u2019id\u00e9e sous-jacente est que la cl\u00e9 pour influer sur les actions de ces groupes serait d\u2019exercer une pression maximale sur T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Seulement, si le soutien mat\u00e9riel iranien \u00e0 ces organisations non \u00e9tatiques est av\u00e9r\u00e9, cela n\u2019implique, par nature, ni un alignement id\u00e9ologique total ni un lien de subordination \u00e9vident. Parler en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux masque une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vraisemblablement diverse en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le effectif de l\u2019Iran sur la direction des op\u00e9rations des entit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es. Cette note d\u2019analyse met ainsi en lumi\u00e8re les limites d\u2019une compr\u00e9hension de la relation entre T\u00e9h\u00e9ran et les mouvements arm\u00e9s qui lui sont affili\u00e9s via le seul prisme de la notion de proxys.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&#039;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Le Hezbollah libanais, les Houthis y\u00e9m\u00e9nites, des factions arm\u00e9eschiites irakiennes ou m\u00eame, plus singuli\u00e8rement, le Hamas et leJihad islamique palestiniens sont souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme desproxys iraniens au Moyen-Orient. L\u2019id\u00e9e sous-jacente est que la cl\u00e9pour influer sur les actions de ces groupes serait d\u2019exercer une pressionmaximale sur T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Seulement, si le soutien mat\u00e9riel iranien \u00e0ces organisations non \u00e9tatiques est av\u00e9r\u00e9, cela n\u2019implique, par nature,ni un alignement id\u00e9ologique total ni un lien de subordination \u00e9vident.Parler en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux masque une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vraisemblablementdiverse en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le effectif de l\u2019Iran sur la direction desop\u00e9rations des entit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es. Cette note d\u2019analyse met ainsi enlumi\u00e8re les limites d\u2019une compr\u00e9hension de la relation entre T\u00e9h\u00e9ranet les mouvements arm\u00e9s qui lui sont affili\u00e9s via le seul prisme de lanotion de proxys.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/16d49c2bd0121499ea9b9023ce89826c\"},\"headline\":\"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&rsquo;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":22,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Notes d'analyse\",\"Notre s\u00e9lection\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/\",\"name\":\"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l'Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ? - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00\",\"description\":\"La guerre d\u2019Ukraine a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats sur les d\u00e9pendances des Europ\u00e9ens vis-\u00e0-vis de ressources \u2013 notamment \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques \u2013 et de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res. Gaz russe, batteries \u00e9lectriques chinoises, semi-conducteurs ta\u00efwanais\u2026 Comment garantir la s\u00fbret\u00e9 de nos cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en cas de crise ? L\u2019une des solutions remises au go\u00fbt du jour concerne les stocks strat\u00e9giques, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019organisation, la gestion, et la reconstitution de certaines ressources jug\u00e9es essentielles soit pour la population, soit pour des industries. Cette note met en perspective la probl\u00e9matique du stockage, souligne la pertinence de certains mod\u00e8les, et pose en filigrane la probl\u00e9matique de la r\u00e9silience de nos pays et de la France.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/04\\\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&rsquo;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale |\",\"description\":\"Site officiel de l&#039;IHEDN plac\u00e9 sous la tutelle du Premier ministre.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"IHEDN - Institut des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense Nationale\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png\",\"width\":500,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"IHEDN - Institut des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense Nationale\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ihedn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/IHEDN\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/ihedn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/school\\\/ihedn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fr.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/Institut_des_hautes_\u00e9tudes_de_D\u00e9fense_nationale\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/16d49c2bd0121499ea9b9023ce89826c\",\"name\":\"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/en\\\/author\\\/thoumieux\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Iran's non-state partners in the Middle East: proxies, really? - IHEDN: Institute for Advanced National Defence Studies","description":"The war in Ukraine has accelerated the debate on Europe's dependence on resources - particularly energy - and raw materials. Russian gas, Chinese batteries, Taiwanese semi-conductors... How can we guarantee the security of our supply chains in the event of a crisis? One of the solutions that has come back into fashion concerns strategic stocks, i.e. the organisation, management and replenishment of certain resources deemed essential either for the population or for industries. This note puts the issue of stockpiling into perspective, highlights the relevance of certain models, and raises the question of the resilience of our countries and of France.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l'Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?","og_description":"Le Hezbollah libanais, les Houthis y\u00e9m\u00e9nites, des factions arm\u00e9es chiites irakiennes ou m\u00eame, plus singuli\u00e8rement, le Hamas et le Jihad islamique palestiniens sont souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme des proxys iraniens au Moyen-Orient. L\u2019id\u00e9e sous-jacente est que la cl\u00e9 pour influer sur les actions de ces groupes serait d\u2019exercer une pression maximale sur T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Seulement, si le soutien mat\u00e9riel iranien \u00e0 ces organisations non \u00e9tatiques est av\u00e9r\u00e9, cela n\u2019implique, par nature, ni un alignement id\u00e9ologique total ni un lien de subordination \u00e9vident. Parler en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux masque une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vraisemblablement diverse en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le effectif de l\u2019Iran sur la direction des op\u00e9rations des entit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es. Cette note d\u2019analyse met ainsi en lumi\u00e8re les limites d\u2019une compr\u00e9hension de la relation entre T\u00e9h\u00e9ran et les mouvements arm\u00e9s qui lui sont affili\u00e9s via le seul prisme de la notion de proxys.","og_url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/","og_site_name":"L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/","article_published_time":"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l'Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?","twitter_description":"Le Hezbollah libanais, les Houthis y\u00e9m\u00e9nites, des factions arm\u00e9eschiites irakiennes ou m\u00eame, plus singuli\u00e8rement, le Hamas et leJihad islamique palestiniens sont souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme desproxys iraniens au Moyen-Orient. L\u2019id\u00e9e sous-jacente est que la cl\u00e9pour influer sur les actions de ces groupes serait d\u2019exercer une pressionmaximale sur T\u00e9h\u00e9ran. Seulement, si le soutien mat\u00e9riel iranien \u00e0ces organisations non \u00e9tatiques est av\u00e9r\u00e9, cela n\u2019implique, par nature,ni un alignement id\u00e9ologique total ni un lien de subordination \u00e9vident.Parler en termes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux masque une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vraisemblablementdiverse en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le effectif de l\u2019Iran sur la direction desop\u00e9rations des entit\u00e9s consid\u00e9r\u00e9es. Cette note d\u2019analyse met ainsi enlumi\u00e8re les limites d\u2019une compr\u00e9hension de la relation entre T\u00e9h\u00e9ranet les mouvements arm\u00e9s qui lui sont affili\u00e9s via le seul prisme de lanotion de proxys.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","twitter_creator":"@IHEDN","twitter_site":"@IHEDN","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux","Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/"},"author":{"name":"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/16d49c2bd0121499ea9b9023ce89826c"},"headline":"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&rsquo;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?","datePublished":"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/"},"wordCount":22,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","articleSection":["Notes d'analyse","Notre s\u00e9lection"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/","name":"Iran's non-state partners in the Middle East: proxies, really? - IHEDN: Institute for Advanced National Defence Studies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","datePublished":"2024-04-08T08:15:07+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-08T15:11:09+00:00","description":"The war in Ukraine has accelerated the debate on Europe's dependence on resources - particularly energy - and raw materials. Russian gas, Chinese batteries, Taiwanese semi-conductors... How can we guarantee the security of our supply chains in the event of a crisis? One of the solutions that has come back into fashion concerns strategic stocks, i.e. the organisation, management and replenishment of certain resources deemed essential either for the population or for industries. This note puts the issue of stockpiling into perspective, highlights the relevance of certain models, and raises the question of the resilience of our countries and of France.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/NOTEDANALYSE.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/les-partenaires-non-etatiques-de-liran-au-moyen-orient-des-proxys-vraiment\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Les partenaires non \u00e9tatiques de l&rsquo;Iran au Moyen-Orient : des proxys, vraiment ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","name":"IHEDN: Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale (Institute for Higher National Defence Studies)","description":"Official website of the IHEDN under the supervision of the Prime Minister.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization","name":"IHEDN - Institute for Higher National Defence Studies","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","width":500,"height":237,"caption":"IHEDN - Institut des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense Nationale"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/x.com\/IHEDN","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_des_hautes_\u00e9tudes_de_D\u00e9fense_nationale"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/16d49c2bd0121499ea9b9023ce89826c","name":"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64fc58d14679bdd185946349bcb229b06e37d30d6290c2bec15f1daa8f8e0ece?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ad\u00e8le Thoumieux"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/ihedn.fr"],"url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/thoumieux\/"}]}},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-06 20:16:07","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46933"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46955,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46933\/revisions\/46955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}