{"id":55242,"date":"2025-08-26T10:21:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-26T09:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=55242"},"modified":"2026-05-20T14:21:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T13:21:48","slug":"la-transformation-de-loutil-de-defense-indien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/fiches-actualite\/la-transformation-de-loutil-de-defense-indien\/","title":{"rendered":"Transforming India's defence capabilities"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"55242\" class=\"elementor elementor-55242\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9a548a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c9a548a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66664c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d66664c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cette fiche d'actualit\u00e9 est \u00e9galement disponible en version audio<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0c82b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0c82b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cliquez ci-dessous pour \u00e9couter :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-980283d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"980283d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n.player-container-1 {\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 10px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n  backdrop-filter: blur(15px);\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);\n  box-shadow: 0 3px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: inline;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  color: #fff;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  background-color: #053973;\n}\n\n#waveform-1 {\n  width: 100%;\n  height: 50px;\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\n.controls-1 {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 5px;\n}\n\n#playPause-1 {\n  width: 45px;\n  height: 45px;\n  border: none;\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  backdrop-filter: blur(5px);\n  border-radius: 50%;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: center;\n  align-items: center;\n  transition: background 0.2s;\n  padding: 0;\n}\n\n#playPause-1:hover {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);\n}\n\n#playPause-1 svg {\n  width: 20px;\n  height: 20px;\n  fill: #fff;\n}\n\n#time-1 {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  text-align: center;\n  min-width: 80px;\n}\n\n.top-controls-1 {\n  width: 100%;\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: space-between; \/* Play \u00e0 gauche \/ Time \u00e0 droite *\/\n  align-items: center;\n  margin-bottom: 5px;\n}\n\n.player-container-1 {\n  display: flex;\n  flex-direction: column;\n}\n\n#time-1 {\n  font-size: 16px;\n  text-align: right;\n}\n\n.player-container-1 {\n  width: 100%;\n  padding: 20px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n  backdrop-filter: blur(15px);\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);\n  box-shadow: 0 3px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n  display: flex;                   \/* LAYOUT EN LIGNE *\/\n  flex-direction: row;             \/* tout sur une seule ligne *\/\n  align-items: center;             \/* vertical alignment *\/\n  gap: 20px;                       \/* espace entre \u00e9l\u00e9ments *\/\n  color: #fff;\n  margin: 0 auto;\n  background-color: #053973;\n}\n\n#waveform-1 {\n  flex: 1;                         \/* prend toute la place disponible *\/\n  height: 50px;\n  align-items: center;\n}\n\n#time-1 {\n  min-width: 80px;\n  text-align: right;\n} \n<\/style>\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/unpkg.com\/wavesurfer.js\"><\/script>\n\n<section>\n<div class=\"player-container-1\">\n\n  <button id=\"playPause-1\">\n    <!-- ton SVG Play -->\n    <svg version=\"1.1\" id=\"playSVG-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 330 330\">\n      <path d=\"M37.728,328.12c2.266,1.256,4.77,1.88,7.272,1.88c2.763,0,5.522-0.763,7.95-2.28l240-149.999\n      c4.386-2.741,7.05-7.548,7.05-12.72c0-5.172-2.664-9.979-7.05-12.72L52.95,2.28c-4.625-2.891-10.453-3.043-15.222-0.4\n      C32.959,4.524,30,9.547,30,15v300C30,320.453,32.959,325.476,37.728,328.12z\"\/>\n    <\/svg>\n  <\/button>\n\n  <div id=\"waveform-1\"><\/div>\n\n  <span id=\"time-1\">00:00 \/ 00:00<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n\n  <!-- waveform en dessous -->\n  <div id=\"waveform-1\"><\/div>\n\n\n<\/section>\n\n<section>\n<script>\n\nconst wavesurfer1 = WaveSurfer.create({\n    container: '#waveform-1',\n    waveColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.4)',\n    progressColor: '#fff',\n    cursorColor: '#fff',\n    barWidth: 3,\n    barRadius: 3,\n    height: 50,\n    responsive: true,\n    normalize: true\n});\n\n\/\/ Charge ton fichier audio depuis le site WordPress\nwavesurfer1.load('https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/audio-fiche-actu-28.mp3');\n\nconst playBtn1 = document.getElementById('playPause-1');\nconst timeDisplay1 = document.getElementById('time-1');\n\n\/\/ SVGs\nconst playSVG1 = `<svg version=\"1.1\" id=\"playSVG-1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" x=\"0px\" y=\"0px\" viewBox=\"0 0 330 330\">\n<path d=\"M37.728,328.12c2.266,1.256,4.77,1.88,7.272,1.88c2.763,0,5.522-0.763,7.95-2.28l240-149.999\nc4.386-2.741,7.05-7.548,7.05-12.72c0-5.172-2.664-9.979-7.05-12.72L52.95,2.28c-4.625-2.891-10.453-3.043-15.222-0.4\nC32.959,4.524,30,9.547,30,15v300C30,320.453,32.959,325.476,37.728,328.12z\"\/>\n<\/svg>`;\n\nconst pauseSVG1 = `<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 330 330\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\">\n  <rect x=\"60\" y=\"30\" width=\"80\" height=\"270\"\/>\n  <rect x=\"190\" y=\"30\" width=\"80\" height=\"270\"\/>\n<\/svg>`;\n\n\/\/ Play\/Pause switch\nplayBtn1.addEventListener('click', () => {\n    wavesurfer1.playPause();\n    playBtn1.innerHTML = wavesurfer1.isPlaying() ? pauseSVG1 : playSVG1;\n});\n\n\/\/ Update time display\nfunction formatTime(sec) {\n    const m = Math.floor(sec \/ 60);\n    const s = Math.floor(sec % 60);\n    return m.toString().padStart(2,'0') + ':' + s.toString().padStart(2,'0');\n}\n\nwavesurfer1.on('audioprocess', () => {\n    const current = wavesurfer1.getCurrentTime();\n    const duration = wavesurfer1.getDuration();\n    timeDisplay1.textContent = formatTime(current) + ' \/ ' + formatTime(duration);\n});\n\nwavesurfer1.on('ready', () => {\n    const duration = wavesurfer1.getDuration();\n    timeDisplay1.textContent = '00:00 \/ ' + formatTime(duration);\n});\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c679842 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c679842\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b64218 elementor-position-inline-end elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"8b64218\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IHEDN-Fiche-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger la fiche d&#039;actualit\u00e9\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-file-download\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224 136V0H24C10.7 0 0 10.7 0 24v464c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h336c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V160H248c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm76.45 211.36l-96.42 95.7c-6.65 6.61-17.39 6.61-24.04 0l-96.42-95.7C73.42 337.29 80.54 320 94.82 320H160v-80c0-8.84 7.16-16 16-16h32c8.84 0 16 7.16 16 16v80h65.18c14.28 0 21.4 17.29 11.27 27.36zM377 105L279.1 7c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H256v128h128v-6.1c0-6.3-2.5-12.4-7-16.9z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IHEDN-Fiche-28.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tT\u00e9l\u00e9charger la fiche d'actualit\u00e9\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb3ac2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bb3ac2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9afb51f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9afb51f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94715f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94715f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>L\u2019outil de d\u00e9fense indien se transforme dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec notamment une augmentation des budgets et effectifs militaires et une volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une base industrielle de d\u00e9fense nationale solide\u2009;<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>La transformation engag\u00e9e conna\u00eet tout de m\u00eame des limites, notamment en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9partition du budget et de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une production industrielle locale, et l\u2019Inde peine toujours \u00e0 rivaliser avec la Chine voisine\u2009dans le domaine militaire\u2009;<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Le risque est aujourd\u2019hui une militarisation soutenue de l\u2019Asie, promue par la rivalit\u00e9 exacerb\u00e9e entre les trois puissances nucl\u00e9aires que sont la Chine, l\u2019Inde et le Pakistan.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c3aef7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3c3aef7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73a7c2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"73a7c2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92630fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"92630fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contexte \u2013L\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une puissance militaire\u2009?<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f5788 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4f5788\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Puissance \u00e9conomique et donc politique en devenir, l\u2019Inde se transforme \u00e9galement sur le plan militaire dans les derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Un article du <em>Stimson Center<\/em> soutient que la modernisation de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne suit plusieurs phases ax\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents aspects dans la p\u00e9riode\u00a01947-2014.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352a201 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"352a201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"352a201\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-352a201\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-352a201\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\" sorting\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Focalisation des initiatives de modernisation<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1947-1962\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRestructuration des institutions coloniales et cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles organisations militaires\u2009;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1947-1962\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGarantie de l\u2019autonomie des institutions militaires\u2009;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1972-1999\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00c9largissement de la base technologique des forces arm\u00e9es\u2009;\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1999-2014\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAm\u00e9lioration de la coordination et de l\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 interarm\u00e9es.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18f9d7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18f9d7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/indias-military-modernization-efforts-under-prime-minister-modi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diff\u00e9rentes phases de modernisation de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne avant 2014<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd0c213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd0c213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La mutation de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne se poursuit \u00e0 partir de 2014. L\u2019actuel Premier ministre Narendra Modi du <em>Bharatiya Janata Party<\/em> (BJP) arrive cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 au pouvoir avec la promesse d\u2019importantes r\u00e9formes de la d\u00e9fense du pays. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, comme mis en lumi\u00e8re ci-dessous, le gouvernement de Modi relance d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment, apr\u00e8s une temporaire stagnation, une tendance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale engag\u00e9e depuis des d\u00e9cennies \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation constante du budget militaire indien.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b22de0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7b22de0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60124\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-2.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des d\u00e9penses militaires indiennes <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2580d47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2580d47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Alors que le pays n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 la douzi\u00e8me place en 1990, l\u2019Inde dispose, en 2024, du cinqui\u00e8me budget militaire au monde selon le <em>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute<\/em> (SIPRI). \u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des d\u00e9penses pour la d\u00e9fense, ce sont \u00e9galement les effectifs de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne qui augmentent dans la p\u00e9riode contemporaine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e8fd50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e8fd50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60125\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-3.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des effectifs militaires indiens <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b03632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b03632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019Inde dispose ainsi, selon certaines estimations, de l\u2019arm\u00e9e la plus nombreuse au monde en 2020. Le pays d\u00e9veloppe \u00e9galement ses emprises militaires dans les ann\u00e9es r\u00e9centes, avec par exemple l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de nouvelles bases a\u00e9ronavales sur des \u00eeles de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Indien.<\/p><p>D\u2019autres transformations plus sp\u00e9cifiques sont engag\u00e9es par le gouvernement de Modi. L\u2019une des r\u00e9formes phares est la r\u00e9organisation de la direction de la d\u00e9fense indienne. Pendant longtemps, l\u2019une des faiblesses identifi\u00e9es de l\u2019appareil militaire indien est la faible coordination entre l\u2019arm\u00e9e de terre, l\u2019arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air et la marine. Les trois composantes jouissent d\u2019une forte autonomie et op\u00e8rent en silos selon des logiques propres, nuisant \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des arm\u00e9es. Pour pallier cette lacune, un poste de <em>Chief of Defence Staff<\/em> (CDS) \u2014 qui peut se traduire par chef d\u2019\u00e9tat-major de la d\u00e9fense \u2014 est cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 2019. Cette transformation structurelle vise \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019int\u00e9gration des arm\u00e9es. Craignant certainement une remise en cause de la supr\u00e9matie du civil sur le militaire, les gouvernements pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents avaient sans cesse report\u00e9 cette r\u00e9forme. Le premier CDS a notamment pour mandat de cr\u00e9er des commandements interarm\u00e9es sur les th\u00e9\u00e2tres d\u2019op\u00e9rations des forces arm\u00e9es indiennes.<\/p><p>Le gouvernement de Modi souhaite par ailleurs transformer la politique d\u2019acquisition de mat\u00e9riel militaire ainsi que fortement d\u00e9velopper la base industrielle de d\u00e9fense nationale. L\u2019Inde est le plus grand importateur d\u2019armement au monde sur les quatre derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. D\u00e9plorant cette d\u00e9pendance aux mat\u00e9riels \u00e9trangers, notamment pour ce qui a trait aux technologies critiques, le gouvernement de Modi promeut l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une forme d\u2019autosuffisance sur le plan militaire, s\u2019inscrivant dans une ambition plus large souvent r\u00e9sum\u00e9e par la notion de <em>Atmanirbhar Bharat<\/em><em>\u2009<\/em>; une \u00ab\u2009Inde autonome\u2009\u00bb en fran\u00e7ais. L\u2019objectif est de fortement favoriser la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement et la production locale d\u2019armements. Plusieurs technologies \u00e9mergentes dans des domaines tels que le cyberespace, l\u2019espace, l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA), la technologie hypersonique ou la robotique sont sp\u00e9cifiquement vis\u00e9s. Alors qu\u2019une certaine m\u00e9fiance existait auparavant de la part des institutions militaires indiennes vis-\u00e0-vis du secteur priv\u00e9, les initiatives engag\u00e9es dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es favorisent les entreprises de d\u00e9fense \u00e0 la fois publiques et priv\u00e9es. En plus de viser l\u2019\u00e9quipement des forces arm\u00e9es indiennes, le gouvernement incite les industries locales \u00e0 exporter leurs productions. Le missile de croisi\u00e8re supersonique BrahMos est un exemple d\u2019exportation d\u2019un produit construit en Inde. Les Philippines signent en 2022 un contrat de 375\u00a0millions de dollars pour l\u2019acquisition de cette arme cod\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par une agence gouvernementale indienne et une entreprise de la d\u00e9fense russe.<\/p><p>Visant \u00e0 limiter les d\u00e9pendances et favoriser une \u00ab\u2009autonomie strat\u00e9gique\u2009\u00bb, l\u2019Inde tend en outre, pour le mat\u00e9riel militaire qu\u2019elle continue \u00e0 importer, \u00e0 diversifier ses sources d\u2019approvisionnement dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Dans une logique de multialignement ind\u00e9pendante des id\u00e9ologies propres \u00e0 chaque partenaire, New Delhi renforce ses partenariats avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, la France ou Isra\u00ebl, sans couper les ponts avec son partenaire cl\u00e9 qu\u2019est la Russie. Comme mis en lumi\u00e8re ci-dessous, le pays ach\u00e8te aujourd\u2019hui des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense \u00e0 de nombreux pays.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70b8ea7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70b8ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1345382\/india-share-of-defense-import-by-country\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"644\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-4.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60126\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-4.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-4-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Sources des importations militaires indiennes <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3078b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3078b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019Inde poursuit l\u2019objectif annonc\u00e9 de constituer une arm\u00e9e technologiquement avanc\u00e9e et pr\u00eate au combat, en mesure de mener des op\u00e9rations int\u00e9gr\u00e9es multidomaines. De nombreuses autres r\u00e9formes militaires sont, dans cette optique, men\u00e9es sous le gouvernement de Modi, et les initiatives engag\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les plus extensives de l\u2019histoire contemporaine de l\u2019Inde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d12c16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5d12c16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c7c71c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7c7c71c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b0882b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b0882b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analyse \u2013 Des progr\u00e8s, mais des limites<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1b183e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1b183e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cette volont\u00e9 de transformation militaire peut facilement s\u2019expliquer par le d\u00e9sir croissant, de la part de New Delhi, d\u2019\u00eatre reconnu comme une grande puissance mondiale ainsi que par la comp\u00e9tition exacerb\u00e9e entre l\u2019Inde, la Chine et le Pakistan\u2009; trois pays dot\u00e9s de l\u2019arme nucl\u00e9aire. Si l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e et modernis\u00e9e dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des lacunes persistent.<\/p><p>Premi\u00e8rement, l\u2019augmentation du budget et des effectifs de la d\u00e9fense indiens doit \u00eatre relativis\u00e9e. Les deux figures ci-dessous d\u00e9peignent l\u2019\u00e9volution des d\u00e9penses indiennes dans le secteur, non pas de mani\u00e8re absolue, comme dans la figure\u00a02, mais en pourcentage du produit int\u00e9rieur brut (PIB) de l\u2019Inde, pour la figure\u00a05, et des d\u00e9penses gouvernementales du pays, pour la figure\u00a06.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59956ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59956ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-5.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60127\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-5.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-5-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des d\u00e9penses militaires indiennes en pourcentage du PIB<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4583e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4583e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-6.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60128\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-6.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-6-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des d\u00e9penses militaires indiennes en pourcentage des d\u00e9penses gouvernementales<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bfade6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9bfade6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Le constat appelle la nuance. Certes les d\u00e9penses indiennes croissent fortement dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, mais moins vite que n\u2019augmente la richesse globale du pays, et le gouvernement accorde une part de moins en moins importante de ses ressources \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense. Malgr\u00e9 des d\u00e9clarations faisant de la modernisation des arm\u00e9es une priorit\u00e9, les d\u00e9penses militaires en pourcentage du PIB atteignent aujourd\u2019hui dans les faits des niveaux historiquement bas. Un constat de m\u00eame nature peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en ce qui a trait aux effectifs militaires. Le graphique ci-dessous montre que ceux-ci n\u2019augmentent pas plus vite que ne croit la population indienne de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, avec, comme r\u00e9sultat, un pourcentage stable d\u2019individus faisant partie des forces arm\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-041889e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"041889e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-7.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60129\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-7.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-7-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des effectifs militaires indiens en pourcentage de la population totale<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6807e0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6807e0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Les budgets et effectifs militaires d\u00e9montrent qu\u2019en d\u00e9pit des annonces du gouvernement Modi, la d\u00e9fense ne voit pas sa part de ressources allou\u00e9es r\u00e9ellement augmenter. Au-del\u00e0 de ces constats g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, d\u2019autres limites, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ici de mani\u00e8re non exhaustive, peuvent \u00eatre relev\u00e9es en ce qui a trait \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de mont\u00e9e en puissance de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne. Une premi\u00e8re concerne la structuration du budget de la d\u00e9fense. Une part majeure des ressources est aujourd\u2019hui allou\u00e9e aux salaires et aux retraites au d\u00e9triment des d\u00e9penses de capital, donc des \u00e9quipements. Dans le budget de la d\u00e9fense\u00a02025-2026, seuls 26,4\u00a0% des fonds sont par exemple destin\u00e9s aux acquisitions, tandis que 23,6\u00a0% sont allou\u00e9s aux retraites. Le gouvernement a r\u00e9cemment tent\u00e9 de pallier ce probl\u00e8me en instituant des contrats courts dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e. Le risque connexe est cependant d\u2019avoir des soldats moins exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s au sein des forces arm\u00e9es.<\/p><p>Corollaire logique de ces faibles d\u00e9penses relatives en direction du capital, et en d\u00e9pit des importations massives et de l\u2019investissement dans une base industrielle de d\u00e9fense nationale, l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne demeure aujourd\u2019hui ob\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019obsolescence d\u2019une part importante des \u00e9quipements poss\u00e9d\u00e9s. Un rapport parlementaire de 2018 consid\u00e8re que 68\u00a0% du mat\u00e9riel militaire est ancien, 24\u00a0% est actuel et 8\u00a0% est \u00e0 la pointe de la technologie. Une mise \u00e0 jour de 2023 consid\u00e8re que, bien qu\u2019ayant presque doubl\u00e9, la part des \u00e9quipements de pointe reste bien inf\u00e9rieure aux besoins d\u2019une arm\u00e9e moderne, et que la moiti\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riel demeure ancien. Les forces arm\u00e9es se servent par exemple encore du mat\u00e9riel datant de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, tels que, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 r\u00e9cemment au moins, des avions de combat <em>Mikoyan-Gourevitch<\/em> (MiG-21) Bison d\u00e9peints ci-dessous. Une modernisation aboutie du mat\u00e9riel militaire indien ne peut s\u2019envisager que sur des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-972be28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"972be28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21_in_Indian_service?uselang=fr#\/media\/File:Sheeju_mig21.JPG\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60130\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-8.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-8-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"> Avion de combat Mikoyan-Gourevitch (MiG-21) Bison de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a0b71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11a0b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La volont\u00e9 de faire \u00e9merger une solide base industrielle de d\u00e9fense est par ailleurs une r\u00e9ussite en demi-teinte. Certes, selon les chiffres officiels, la production nationale a, au cours de l\u2019exercice\u00a02023-2024, augment\u00e9 de 174\u00a0% par rapport \u00e0 la d\u00e9cennie pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente. Les exportations ont cr\u00fb elles aussi fortement dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Cependant, les mat\u00e9riels de d\u00e9fense indiens souffrent de probl\u00e8mes divers, tels que des retards de production, une qualit\u00e9 parfois contest\u00e9e ou des prix \u00e9lev\u00e9s. De mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les faibles investissements dans la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement et la faiblesse du secteur manufacturier entravent toujours le d\u00e9veloppement des industries locales, qui demeurent \u00e0 la tra\u00eene technologiquement. Cette faiblesse de la production nationale de d\u00e9fense nuit \u00e0 la puissance militaire de l\u2019Inde. Par exemple, le retard de livraison du chasseur Tejas\u00a0Mk1A ob\u00e8re la pr\u00e9paration au combat de l\u2019arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air du pays. Bien que le gouvernement veuille mettre fin \u00e0 toute d\u00e9pendance aux importations de d\u00e9fense, l\u2019industrie indienne peine donc \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins croissants de l\u2019arm\u00e9e, obligeant le pays \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 acheter des armes \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Cette politique ouverte \u00e0 une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de fournisseurs peut d\u2019ailleurs cr\u00e9er des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 au sein des forces, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 l\u2019incompatibilit\u00e9 entre les diff\u00e9rents protocoles de communication et les logiciels utilis\u00e9s. En l\u2019absence d\u2019une industrie de d\u00e9fense nationale robuste, \u00ab\u2009l\u2019autonomie strat\u00e9gique\u2009\u00bb demeure ainsi un objectif illusoire pour New Delhi.<\/p><p>Ces limitations diverses ont finalement une cons\u00e9quence centrale pour la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Inde\u2009; l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00e9cart grandissant entre les capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne et celles du Pakistan et de la Chine combin\u00e9es, ou de la Chine toute seule. New Delhi se doit de fonder sa posture de d\u00e9fense sur l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se d\u2019une guerre sur deux fronts en m\u00eame temps\u2009; \u00e0 la fois contre Islamabad et P\u00e9kin. Les \u00e9v\u00e9nements r\u00e9cents renforcent tr\u00e8s probablement la perception d\u2019une telle n\u00e9cessit\u00e9. L\u2019Inde et la Chine s\u2019affrontent militairement \u00e0 leur fronti\u00e8re en 2020, tandis que les derniers affrontements entre l\u2019Inde et le Pakistan remontent \u00e0 mai 2025<sup><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. Cette volont\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre en mesure de tenir concomitamment deux fronts se heurte cependant \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des capacit\u00e9s militaires relatives entre ces pays. Certes, l\u2019Inde dispose de ressources sur le papier sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles du Pakistan, mais tel n\u2019est absolument pas le cas vis-\u00e0-vis de la Chine, comme l\u2019illustre le graphique qui suit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5485284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5485284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending#all-charts\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-9.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60131\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-9.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-9-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Comparaison des budgets militaires chinois, indiens et pakistanais<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f2c317 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f2c317\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019\u00e9cart avec la Chine est grand et croissant. En 2014, le budget de d\u00e9fense de l\u2019Inde repr\u00e9sente environ 31\u00a0% de celui de la Chine. En 2024, ce chiffre tombe \u00e0 26\u00a0% environ. Par-del\u00e0 ces chiffres g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, le retard indien vis-\u00e0-vis de la Chine s\u2019observe par exemple dans le champ des technologies militaires de pointe. Des lacunes importantes existent, de mani\u00e8re non exhaustive, dans les domaines de l\u2019aviation \u2014 le d\u00e9veloppement actuel du chasseur furtif\u00a0J-36 par la Chine l\u2019illustre principalement \u2014 de la cyberguerre et des syst\u00e8mes de communication strat\u00e9giques, de l\u2019IA ou encore des drones. Contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019Inde, la Chine dispose d\u2019une large base industrielle int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, qui couvre \u00e0 la fois les secteurs civils et de la d\u00e9fense et permet au pays de fabriquer des \u00e9quipements militaires de pointe. P\u00e9kin est \u00e9galement en avance sur l\u2019Inde en qui concerne l\u2019int\u00e9gration des forces arm\u00e9es. Une source mentionne que, en priv\u00e9, des responsables militaires indiens reconnaissent qu\u2019ils ne pourront rivaliser avec la Chine avant au moins trois d\u00e9cennies.<\/p><p>D\u00e9couplant depuis longtemps ses int\u00e9r\u00eats de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale de ses int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques, New Delhi est finalement face \u00e0 un dilemme vis-\u00e0-vis de la Chine. L\u2019\u00e9conomie indienne est fortement li\u00e9e \u00e0 celle de son voisin. Les importations en provenance de Chine explosent dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. L\u2019Inde est notamment d\u00e9pendante pour ses technologies de pointe, telles que les ordinateurs ou les composants utilis\u00e9s dans les \u00e9quipements de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications. Cette d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de ressources critiques rend l\u2019\u00e9conomie indienne hautement vuln\u00e9rable en cas de conflit avec la Chine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef6918f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ef6918f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-335dd9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"335dd9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260c13f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"260c13f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perspectives \u2013 Une croissance militaire infinie\u2009?<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8201b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8201b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bien que s\u2019\u00e9tant d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e et transform\u00e9e au courant des ann\u00e9es r\u00e9centes, l\u2019arm\u00e9e indienne souffre donc toujours de lacunes notamment capacitaires. Comment vont \u00e9voluer les forces indiennes au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es\u2009? Dans un contexte strat\u00e9gique o\u00f9 l\u2019Inde doit consid\u00e9rer les menaces provenant du Pakistan et de la Chine tout \u00e0 la fois, il est probable que les d\u00e9penses militaires du pays ne cesseront de cro\u00eetre. Les crises r\u00e9centes mettent en \u00e9vidence l\u2019importance de la modernisation et de l\u2019investissement dans les nouvelles technologies telles que les drones ou la cyberguerre pour l\u2019Inde.<\/p><p>L\u2019accroissement constant des d\u00e9penses de d\u00e9fense est d\u2019autant plus probable dans le futur que la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 user de la force est un marqueur de puissance fortement mobilis\u00e9 par le BJP. Les dirigeants indiens se montrent confiants quant \u00e0 leur aptitude \u00e0 faire face au Pakistan et, malgr\u00e9 le diff\u00e9rentiel en mati\u00e8re de capacit\u00e9s expos\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, minimisent l\u2019\u00e9cart technologique existant avec la Chine, \u00e9rig\u00e9e en priorit\u00e9 strat\u00e9gique. Au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu\u2019elle se d\u00e9peint en grande puissance, l\u2019Inde s\u2019oblige \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre militairement \u00e0 toute attaque future pour ne pas appara\u00eetre faible et se doit donc d\u2019augmenter ses ressources militaires. Les Indiens sont aujourd\u2019hui plus soucieux de la place de leur pays dans le monde qu\u2019il y a dix ans, et reconna\u00eetre un d\u00e9ficit de puissance vis-\u00e0-vis de la Chine nuirait certainement \u00e0 la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 interne du gouvernement.<\/p><p>Alors que la Chine accro\u00eet constamment ses d\u00e9penses militaires, et que le Pakistan promet d\u2019en faire de m\u00eame \u00e0 la suite des r\u00e9cents affrontements autour du Cachemire, le risque est aujourd\u2019hui celui d\u2019une militarisation \u00e0 outrance de l\u2019Asie. \u00c9mergent de fait des \u00ab\u00a0dilemmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019id\u00e9e de ce concept cl\u00e9 de la th\u00e9orie des relations internationales est qu\u2019un \u00c9tat se sentant en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 peut, en cherchant \u00e0 se prot\u00e9ger \u2014 notamment en augmentant ses capacit\u00e9s militaires \u2014 agir d\u2019une mani\u00e8re qui cr\u00e9e un sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 chez un autre \u00c9tat, qui va vouloir lui aussi agir de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 accro\u00eetre sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Un cercle vicieux qui peut mener \u00e0 la guerre. En Asie, le risque est aujourd\u2019hui que ces dilemmes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 soient \u00e0 la base d\u2019une course \u00e0 l\u2019armement, tant sur le plan conventionnel que dans le domaine nucl\u00e9aire. Le graphique ci-dessous montre l\u2019\u00e9volution du nombre d\u2019armes nucl\u00e9aires poss\u00e9d\u00e9es par les trois rivaux asiatiques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c827f4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c827f4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/nuclear-weapons\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"611\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-10.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-60132\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-10.png 866w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/fiche-actualite-28-figure-10-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u00c9volution des arsenaux nucl\u00e9aires chinois, indiens et pakistanais<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43b8dc1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43b8dc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Une course \u00e0 l\u2019armement nucl\u00e9aire semble bel et bien d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent engag\u00e9e, avec la Chine en t\u00eate. \u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 le Pakistan et la Chine coop\u00e8rent \u00e9troitement, le premier pays achetant la plupart de ses syst\u00e8mes d\u2019armes au second, la question est de savoir si l\u2019Inde a un r\u00e9el int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 poursuivre dans sa qu\u00eate de parit\u00e9 avec ses voisins, ou s\u2019il serait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable pour le pays d\u2019adopter une posture plus pragmatique en recentrant sa strat\u00e9gie sur des types sp\u00e9cifiques d\u2019agression.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7ca5e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bd7ca5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdec5de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdec5de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Voir la <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/fiches-actualite\/le-conflit-autour-du-cachemire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiche d\u2019actualit\u00e9\u00a027<\/a><\/span> pour une analyse du conflit r\u00e9centre entre l\u2019Inde et le Pakistan.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-587dd9d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"587dd9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eb643a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0eb643a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a921a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a921a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Pour aller plus loin<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/04\/beyond-comparisons-indias-strategic-reckoning-amid-chinas-military-modernization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Desai, Hely. \u00ab\u2009Beyond Comparisons: India\u2019s Strategic Reckoning Amid China\u2019s Military Modernization\u2009\u00bb. <em>War on the Rocks<\/em>, 9 avril 2025<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/china\/nuclear-collision-course-south-asia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krepinevich, Jr., Andrew F. \u00ab\u00a0A Nuclear Collision Course in South Asia\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 26 mai 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/modi-3-0-six-defense-sector-reforms-key-to-national-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rawat, Rahul. \u00ab\u00a0Modi 3.0: Six Defense Sector Reforms Key to National Security\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 8 juillet 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/asia\/2023\/11\/29\/narendra-modi-is-remaking-indias-14m-strong-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Economist<\/em>. \u00ab\u2009Narendra Modi Is Remaking India\u2019s 1.4m Strong Military\u2009\u00bb. 29 novembre 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab73e6d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ab73e6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0306289 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0306289\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce29e4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce29e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aa20de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3aa20de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cette <em>fiche s&rsquo;appuie sur des informations recens\u00e9es dans les sources suivantes:<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52da914 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52da914\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/india-and-pakistans-development-of-drones-implications-for-strategic-stability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Altaf, Zohaib, et Nimrah Javed. \u00ab\u2009India and Pakistan\u2019s Development of Drones: Implications for Strategic Stability\u2009\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 3 octobre 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/asia-pacific\/2025\/02\/05\/india-raises-defense-budget-by-nearly-10-pushes-local-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arthur, Gordon. \u00ab\u00a0India Raises Defense Budget by Nearly 10%, Pushes Local Manufacturing\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Defense News<\/em>, 5 f\u00e9vrier 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/indias-2024-2025-defense-budget-incremental-progress-at-best\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Behera, Laxman Kumar. \u00ab\u00a0India\u2019s 2024-2025 Defense Budget: Incremental Progress at Best\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 30 novembre 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/casi.sas.upenn.edu\/iit\/colvivekchadha\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chadha, Vivek. \u00ab\u00a0Transformation of the Indian Armed Forces: Future Challenges\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Center for the Advanced Study of India (CASI)<\/em>, 25 avril 2022<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/indias-military-modernization-efforts-under-prime-minister-modi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Choudhary, Ladhu R. \u00ab\u2009India\u2019s Military Modernization Efforts Under Prime Minister Modi\u2009\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 22 mai 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/09\/world\/asia\/india-pakistan-kashmir-drones.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Das, Anupreeta, et Salman Masood. \u00ab\u2009India and Pakistan Escalate Attacks to Military Bases\u2009\u00bb. <em>The New York Times<\/em>, 9 mai 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-drag-on-indias-military-growth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasgupta, Sunil. \u00ab\u00a0The Drag on India\u2019s Military Growth\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Brookings<\/em>, 29 septembre 2010<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/04\/beyond-comparisons-indias-strategic-reckoning-amid-chinas-military-modernization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Desai, Hely. \u00ab\u00a0Beyond Comparisons: India\u2019s Strategic Reckoning Amid China\u2019s Military Modernization\u00a0\u00bb. <em>War on the Rocks<\/em>, 9 avril 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/india\/india-recruit-soldiers-four-year-service-periods-minister-says-2022-06-14\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ghoshal, Devjyot. \u00ab\u00a0India Overhauls Military Recruitment, Seeking Younger Troops\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Reuters<\/em>, 14 juin 2022<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/fear-factor-security-charles-glaser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glaser, Charles L. \u00ab\u2009Fear Factor\u2009\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 18 juin 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/military-personnel-spending\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Herre, Bastian, Max Roser, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, et Hannah Ritchie. \u00ab\u2009Military Personnel and Spending\u2009\u00bb. <em>Our World in Data<\/em>, 28 d\u00e9cembre 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/china\/nuclear-collision-course-south-asia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Krepinevich, Jr., Andrew F. \u00ab\u00a0A Nuclear Collision Course in South Asia\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 26 mai 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/india-and-pakistan-in-kashmir-conflict-heavily-armed-rivals\/a-72490542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latschan, Thomas. \u00ab\u00a0India and Pakistan in Kashmir Conflict: Heavily Armed Rivals\u00a0\u00bb. <em>DW<\/em>, 9 mai 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/india\/india-hoping-trump-bump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Madan, Tanvi. \u00ab\u00a0India Is Hoping for a Trump Bump\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 5 d\u00e9cembre 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/04\/friends-with-limits-the-future-of-russo-indian-defense-ties\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Markey, Daniel, et David Brostoff. \u00ab\u2009Friends with Limits: The Future of Russo-Indian Defense Ties\u2009\u00bb. <em>War on the Rocks<\/em>, 25 avril 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/04\/26\/world\/asia\/india-pakistan-military-kashmir-attack.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mashal, Mujib, et Suhasini Raj. \u00ab\u00a0As Tensions Rise with Pakistan, a Moment of Truth for India\u2019s Military\u00a0\u00bb. <em>The New York Times<\/em>, 26 avril 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/india\/india-will-carve-its-own-path\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miller, Manjari Chatterjee. \u00ab\u00a0India Will Carve Its Own Path\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 11 d\u00e9cembre 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2021\/05\/the-great-churning-modis-transformation-of-the-indian-military\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mukherjee, Anit. \u00ab\u00a0The Great Churning: Modi\u2019s Transformation of the Indian Military\u00a0\u00bb. <em>War on the Rocks<\/em>, 5 mai 2021<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/india\/hindu-nationalist-foreign-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mukherjee, Rohan. \u00ab\u00a0A Hindu Nationalist Foreign Policy\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 4 avril 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2025\/nuclear-ambiguity-in-the-indian-ocean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Newman, Betzalel. \u00ab\u00a0Nuclear Ambiguity in the Indian Ocean\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 30 avril 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/india\/fatal-flaw-indias-china-strategy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pant, Harsh V., et Kalpit A. Mankikar. \u00ab\u00a0The Fatal Flaw in India\u2019s China Strategy\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 14 novembre 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2024\/modi-3-0-six-defense-sector-reforms-key-to-national-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rawat, Rahul. \u00ab\u00a0Modi 3.0: Six Defense Sector Reforms Key to National Security\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Stimson Center<\/em>, 8 juillet 2024<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\/india\/karnataka\/bengaluru\/aero-india-2025-hal-to-supply-180-lca-tejas-mk1a-by-2031-32-3400978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ray, Kalyan. \u00ab\u00a0Aero India 2025 | HAL to Supply 180 LCA Tejas Mk1A by 2031-32\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Deccan Herald<\/em>, 11 f\u00e9vrier 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2022\/01\/26\/indian-army-modernization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saballa, Joe. \u00ab\u00a0Indian Army Has 93 Modernization Projects in Progress: Report\u00a0\u00bb. <em>The Defense Post<\/em>, 26 janvier 2022<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/india-today-insight\/story\/indian-army-ready-with-bold-blueprint-for-defence-year-of-reforms-2663314-2025-01-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sagar, Pradip R. \u00ab\u00a0Indian Army Ready with Bold Blueprint for Defence \u2018Year of Reforms\u2019\u00a0\u00bb. <em>India Today<\/em>, 11 janvier 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/india\/next-war-between-india-and-pakistan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shah, Aqil. \u00ab\u00a0The Next War Between India and Pakistan\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 23 mai 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/land-use-biodiversity\/pakistan-likely-hike-defence-spending-slash-overall-budget-2025-26-2025-06-10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shahid, Ariba, et Asif Shahzad. \u00ab\u00a0Pakistan Boosts Defence Budget by 20% but Slashes Overall Spending in 2025-26\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Reuters<\/em>, 10 juin 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/india-seeks-shift-from-buying-weapons-to-exporting-them\/a-52270331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sharma, Aditya. \u00ab\u00a0India Seeks Shift from Buying Weapons to Exporting Them\u00a0\u00bb. <em>DW<\/em>, 5 f\u00e9vrier 2020<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/americas-best-bet-indo-pacific\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tarapore, Arzan. \u00ab\u00a0America\u2019s Best Bet in the Indo-Pacific\u00a0\u00bb. <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em>, 29 mai 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/warontherocks.com\/2025\/05\/operation-sindoor-and-the-evolution-of-indias-strategy-against-pakistan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tarapore, Arzan. \u00ab\u00a0Operation Sindoor and the Evolution of India\u2019s Military Strategy Against Pakistan\u2009\u00bb. <em>War on the Rocks<\/em>, 19 mai 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/defence\/brahmos-missiles-of-india-just-got-its-best-export-sales-pitch-as-pakistani-prime-minister-shehbaz-sharif-admits-the-damage-in-operation-sindoor\/articleshow\/121512510.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Economic Times<\/em>. \u00ab\u2009Brahmos Just Got Its Best Export Sales Pitch\u2009\u00bb. 30 mai 2025<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/asia\/2023\/11\/29\/narendra-modi-is-remaking-indias-14m-strong-military\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Economist<\/em>. \u00ab\u2009Narendra Modi Is Remaking India\u2019s 1.4m Strong Military\u2009\u00bb. 29 novembre 2023<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/how-india-is-ramping-up-efforts-to-bolster-military-capability\/a-60336292\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vaid, Dharvi. \u00ab\u00a0How India Is Ramping up Military Modernization Efforts\u00a0\u00bb. <em>DW<\/em>, 5 janvier 2022<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/india-seeks-to-reform-its-military-amid-new-security-threats\/a-58687337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vaid, Dharvi. \u00ab\u00a0India Seeks Military Reform Amid New Security Threats\u2009\u00bb. <em>DW<\/em>, 29 juillet 2021<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9feec6d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9feec6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7427888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7427888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La traduction de cette fiche est automatique<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This fact sheet looks at the contemporary transformation of India's defence apparatus. It begins by highlighting the constant increase in the country's military budgets and manpower, as well as the desire to develop a local defence industry. It then analyses some of the limits to the transformation underway, and concludes with the prospects for increased militarisation in Asia in the years ahead, in the context of a form of \"security dilemma\".<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":55230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[256,225],"class_list":["post-55242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fiches-actualite","tag-conflits-inde","tag-fiche-actualite"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La transformation de l&#039;outil de d\u00e9fense indien - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cette fiche d\u2019actualit\u00e9 se penche sur la transformation contemporaine de l\u2019outil de d\u00e9fense indien. 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Elle commence par mettre en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019accroissement constant des budgets et effectifs militaires du pays, ainsi que la volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une industrie de d\u00e9fense locale, analyse certaines des limites \u00e0 la transformation engag\u00e9e, puis conclut sur les perspectives de militarisation accrue de l\u2019Asie dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019une forme de \u00ab dilemme de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00bb.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/fiches-actualite\/la-transformation-de-loutil-de-defense-indien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-26T09:21:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-20T13:21:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fiches-dactualite-28-1024x900.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"tanguy.morel@ihedn.fr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"La transformation de l&#039;outil de d\u00e9fense indien - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Cette fiche d\u2019actualit\u00e9 se penche sur la transformation contemporaine de l\u2019outil de d\u00e9fense indien. 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