{"id":58481,"date":"2026-02-20T12:02:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T11:02:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=58481"},"modified":"2026-03-02T10:43:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T09:43:40","slug":"invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"Invasion of Ukraine, four years on"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"58481\" class=\"elementor elementor-58481\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3b733 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5e3b733\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-093f304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"093f304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Il y a quatre ans, le 24 f\u00e9vrier 2022,\u00a0la Russie lan\u00e7ait une offensive \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle en Ukraine, faisant basculer dans la haute intensit\u00e9 la guerre d\u2019agression qu\u2019elle avait d\u00e9clench\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2014 par l\u2019annexion de la Crim\u00e9e.<\/p><p>En quatre ann\u00e9es, outre ses r\u00e9percussions g\u00e9opolitiques, le conflit russo-ukrainien a livr\u00e9 de nombreux enseignements en mati\u00e8re d\u2019art de la guerre, tout en laissant le grand public fran\u00e7ais un peu perdu quant \u00e0 son \u00e9volution. \u00c0 travers les \u00e9clairages de sp\u00e9cialistes et de praticiens, l\u2019IHEDN propose donc d\u2019en r\u00e9sumer les principales \u00e9tapes op\u00e9rationnelles jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour, et d\u2019en analyser deux aspects parmi les plus marquants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd863b3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fd863b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f53134 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f53134\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oxi64.com\/c6.php?ec=2&#038;l=eIaHtn64c21p&#038;i=YGU&#038;t=ZA&#038;e=lqOizZ7IX5uUo9ihntibo86ZpZqbyJeiksqn&#038;u=m6iq1KOdYGacmMqWnpCYqZGY1KSmzJimkdelnJqdxM5iqaHWkcyfnGCU1KWjy5epj6fVlpbMlKCTy5qlnKbEzmCqn9KTyJ+rYJLXl6TRoGTOlZKjqNamncmRo5xkpMTUqZ2b0qSQoZimXcZfk8OioNaV0ZqmyKVh19mnZKqVkNWopJvWmdKjoKeVkp+Zzpurw53XlmDXm5nT1p6orJmS&#038;v=10\"><b>G\u00c9N\u00c9RAL VINCENT BRETON : \u00ab LA RUSSIE NE PARVIENT PAS \u00c0 CAPITALISER SUR SA SUP\u00c9RIORIT\u00c9 MILITAIRE TH\u00c9ORIQUE \u00bb<\/b><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-685da7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"685da7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/general-vincent-breton-la-russie-ne-parvient-pas-a-capitaliser-sur-sa-superiorite-militaire-theorique\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_BRETON_SITE-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-58504\" alt=\"Lundi de l&#039;IHEDN : Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_BRETON_SITE-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_BRETON_SITE-1-1536x351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_BRETON_SITE-1-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d0f3cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d0f3cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans cet entretien, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de division a\u00e9rienne Vincent Breton, directeur de l\u2019\u00c9cole de guerre depuis 2025 et ancien directeur du Centre interarm\u00e9es de concepts, de doctrines et d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rimentations, livre son analyse sur les \u00e9volutions de ce conflit, l\u2019\u00e9tat des forces en pr\u00e9sence et les enseignements \u00e0 en tirer pour les arm\u00e9es occidentales\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-719756c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"719756c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00ab\u00a0Quatre ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de l\u2019offensive \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, le bilan est calamiteux pour la Russie qui n\u2019atteindra probablement jamais, par les seuls moyens militaires, les objectifs strat\u00e9giques qu\u2019elle s\u2019\u00e9tait fix\u00e9s. Elle ne parvient pas \u00e0 capitaliser sur sa sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 militaire th\u00e9orique et elle n\u2019arrivera jamais \u00e0 s\u2019emparer de l\u2019Ukraine dont elle contr\u00f4le moins de 20% des territoires, y compris la Crim\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Cette guerre lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuse en vies humaines [\u2026]\u00a0: depuis f\u00e9vrier 2022, les FAFR auraient subi environ 1,2 million de pertes (tu\u00e9s, bless\u00e9s et disparus) [\u2026].\u00a0<\/p><p>Moscou affichait \u00e9galement l\u2019objectif d\u2019\u00e9loigner l\u2019OTAN de ses fronti\u00e8res. L\u00e0 aussi c\u2019est un \u00e9chec cuisant pour le Kremlin, puisque la Su\u00e8de et la Finlande \u2013 qui avaient toujours tenu \u00e0 maintenir leur neutralit\u00e9 \u2013 ont rejoint l\u2019OTAN en 2023 et 2024, augmentant de 1300 km la ligne de contact entre la Russie et l\u2019OTAN.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba56116 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ba56116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/general-vincent-breton-la-russie-ne-parvient-pas-a-capitaliser-sur-sa-superiorite-militaire-theorique\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Lire l\u2019entretien <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fb9437 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4fb9437\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca10b1d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ca10b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9059a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a9059a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oxi64.com\/c6.php?ec=2&#038;l=eIaHtn64c21p&#038;i=YGU&#038;t=ZA&#038;e=lqOizZ7IX5uUo9ihntibo86ZpZqbyJeiksqn&#038;u=m6iq1KOdYGacmMqWnpCYqZGY1KSmzJimkdelnJqdxM5iqaHWkcyfnGCU1KWjy5epj6fVlpbMlKCT2aCpmJ3Rx2Cmq9ejzJZkpKXGoJSPnpiPm9qWpdWYYcjJqGSbptLQmKdj1pXHlp2cns6mXc6XZMWcxp6jkJeZkcaWq5idz86YYw&#038;v=10\"><b>QUAND LA GUERRE DES DRONES RED\u00c9FINIT LE CHAMP DE BATAILLE<\/b><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da1e437 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"da1e437\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/ukraine-russie-quand-la-guerre-des-drones-redefinit-le-champ-de-bataille\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_DRONE_SITE.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-58434\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_DRONE_SITE.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_DRONE_SITE-1536x351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_DRONE_SITE-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8757fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8757fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En l\u2019espace de quatre ans, les drones ont pris une importance majeure dans ce conflit, au point qu\u2019on estime en moyenne \u00e0 10\u00a0000 le nombre de drones employ\u00e9s chaque jour par chacun des deux bellig\u00e9rants, d\u00e9but 2026.<\/p><p>Pour analyser ce bouleversement dans l\u2019art de la guerre, trois sp\u00e9cialistes nous \u00e9clairent\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30985a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30985a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u2019arm\u00e9e (en 2<sup>e<\/sup> section)<strong> Gr\u00e9goire de Saint-Quentin<\/strong>, pr\u00e9sident de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de conseil GEOS, ancien sous-chef d\u2019\u00e9tat-major des arm\u00e9es charg\u00e9 des op\u00e9rations.<\/li><li>Le consultant<strong> Mat Hauser<\/strong>, cofondateur de Dronivka, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les services drones \u00e0 destination des arm\u00e9es et des industriels.<\/li><li>Le chercheur<strong> Ronald Hatto<\/strong>, ancien officier d\u2019artillerie, professeur de relations internationales \u00e0 Sciences Po Paris.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d6ab00 elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"9d6ab00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/ukraine-russie-quand-la-guerre-des-drones-redefinit-le-champ-de-bataille\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Lire l\u2019article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a030602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a030602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d12daa elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8d12daa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe123da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe123da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/menaces-hybrides-quatre-annees-dacceleration-et-de-riposte\/\"><b>MENACES HYBRIDES : QUATRE ANN\u00c9ES D\u2019ACC\u00c9L\u00c9RATION ET DE RIPOSTE<\/b><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff97171 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ff97171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/menaces-hybrides-quatre-annees-dacceleration-et-de-riposte\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_MAINS_SITE.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-58433\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_MAINS_SITE.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_MAINS_SITE-1536x351.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/SLIDER_LIH_MAINS_SITE-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cfe001 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cfe001\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Depuis f\u00e9vrier 2022, les ing\u00e9rences hybrides se multiplient, ciblant les failles des \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens afin d\u2019en affaiblir la coh\u00e9sion. Quels sont les buts et formes de ces attaques, et quelles r\u00e9ponses sont-elles mises en place en France et en Europe\u00a0?<\/p><p>En mettant l\u2019accent sur la guerre informationnelle, trois sp\u00e9cialistes apportent leurs r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces questions\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d860a05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d860a05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de division a\u00e9rienne (en 2<sup>e<\/sup> section) <strong>Jean-Marc Vigilant<\/strong>, ancien directeur de l\u2019\u00c9cole de guerre et chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019IRIS.<\/li><li>Le chercheur <strong>Maxime Audinet<\/strong>, titulaire de la chaire \u00ab\u00a0Strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;influence\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l\u2019INALCO, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans la lutte informationnelle et la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re russe.<\/li><li>Un <strong>ancien cadre des services de renseignement fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>, dont l\u2019ex-profession requiert l\u2019anonymat.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2569b7e elementor-align-justify elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2569b7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/dossier-special\/ukraine-dossier-special\/menaces-hybrides-quatre-annees-dacceleration-et-de-riposte\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Lire l\u2019article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To analyse the high-intensity conflict triggered by Russia on 24 February 2022, the IHEDN's special report includes an interview with the Director of the \u00c9cole de guerre on the state of the forces involved, and two articles on the use of drones and hybrid threats, with insights from military personnel, researchers and practitioners.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":58435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lundis-de-lihedn","category-notre-selection"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour analyser le conflit de haute intensit\u00e9 d\u00e9clench\u00e9 le 24 f\u00e9vrier 2022 par la Russie, l\u2019IHEDN propose dans ce dossier sp\u00e9cial une interview o\u00f9 le directeur de l\u2019\u00c9cole de guerre revient sur l\u2019\u00e9tat des forces en pr\u00e9sence, et deux articles sur l\u2019usage des drones et les menaces hybrides, avec les \u00e9clairages de militaires, chercheurs et praticiens.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-selection\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-20T11:02:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-02T09:43:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/BANDEAU_075_UKRAINE1_AFP.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1279\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Coline Dassonville\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Coline Dassonville\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Coline Dassonville\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7a52e81319c373f5462ade39e81a7f19\"},\"headline\":\"Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-20T11:02:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-02T09:43:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":651,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/BANDEAU_075_UKRAINE1_AFP.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Lundis de l'IHEDN\",\"Notre s\u00e9lection\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ihedn.fr\\\/notre-selection\\\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\\\/\",\"name\":\"Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s - 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(Photo by Dmytro Smolienko\/Ukrinform\/NurPhoto) NO USE RUSSIA. NO USE BELARUS. Dmytro Smolienko \/ NurPhoto \/ NurPhoto via AFP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/notre-selection\/invasion-de-lukraine-quatre-ans-apres\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, quatre ans apr\u00e8s"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","name":"IHEDN: Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale (Institute for Higher National Defence Studies)","description":"Official website of the IHEDN under the supervision of the Prime Minister.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#organization","name":"IHEDN - Institute for Higher National Defence Studies","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/BLOC_RF_IHEDN_WEB.png","width":500,"height":237,"caption":"IHEDN - Institut des Hautes Etudes de D\u00e9fense Nationale"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/x.com\/IHEDN","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/ihedn\/","https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_des_hautes_\u00e9tudes_de_D\u00e9fense_nationale"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/person\/7a52e81319c373f5462ade39e81a7f19","name":"Coline Dassonville","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc7cbc6297b987d7cbee36041f952619e584620b919eb849c804adf789c1147?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc7cbc6297b987d7cbee36041f952619e584620b919eb849c804adf789c1147?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/abc7cbc6297b987d7cbee36041f952619e584620b919eb849c804adf789c1147?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Coline Dassonville"},"url":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/coline\/"}]}},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-07 06:29:47","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58481"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58571,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58481\/revisions\/58571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}