{"id":64095,"date":"2026-10-14T12:48:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T11:48:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/?p=64095"},"modified":"2026-10-14T12:49:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T11:49:01","slug":"le-droit-comme-instrument-de-puissance-le-lawfare-americain-au-coeur-du-debat-strategique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-actualite\/le-droit-comme-instrument-de-puissance-le-lawfare-americain-au-coeur-du-debat-strategique\/","title":{"rendered":"Law as an instrument of power: US \u2018lawfare\u2019 at the heart of the strategic debate"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"64095\" class=\"elementor elementor-64095\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acbf20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8acbf20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b30c41 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b30c41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The discussion began with a simple observation: the instrumentalisation of the law is often associated solely with authoritarian regimes, whereas democracies, too, use it as a strategic tool.<\/p><p><strong>What is lawfare?<\/strong> Mark Corcoral defines lawfare as the strategic use of the law to strengthen the security of one party or to undermine that of an adversary. An ordinary legal practice becomes lawfare when three conditions are met: legal ingenuity that derives an unexpected advantage from the law, a fundamental political antagonism, and a security objective. It is this last condition that influences the ethical conduct of legal professionals; the US prosecutors interviewed by the author acknowledged that they had been more creative, or even more aggressive, whenever a matter of national security was at stake. Lawfare is defensive when it reduces the legal risks facing the executive\u2019s actions, and offensive when it hinders an opponent or enlists private actors.<\/p><p><strong>Why the United States?<\/strong> Two factors predispose the United States to lawfare: a legal culture that reveres the law whilst recognising its malleability, in a country where the law predated the state, and a strategic culture that takes a broad view of national security. The Department of Justice (DoJ) is the prime observatory for this, with the Attorney General, who heads the DoJ, serving concurrently as legal adviser to the executive, Attorney General and counsel to the federal government.<\/p><p><strong>Prudence, accommodation, abuse.<\/strong> Mark Corcoral identifies three ways of reconciling the law and national security. A cautious legal policy involves exceeding legal requirements and staying well clear of the boundaries of legality; it therefore does not constitute \u2018lawfare\u2019. Accommodating legal policy seeks to bend the law and have this validated by the checks and balances \u2013 first the judiciary, then the legislature. Abusive legal policy, the most aggressive form, cloaks an illegal act in a veneer of legality and involves keeping these checks and balances at bay. In a state governed by the rule of law, this latter approach remains precarious.<\/p><p><strong>Turning points, from Watergate to 11 September.<\/strong> Following the Watergate scandal (1973) and the revelations in the 1976 Church Report, intelligence activities have been subject to strict regulatory oversight. It is this regulatory framework that makes legal creativity essential, as it is no longer possible to openly disregard the law in the name of reasons of state. Another turning point was the post-11 September era: Mr Corcoral revisits the definition of torture, interpreted narrowly (the concept of severe pain being derived from a US health insurance law, far removed from considerations of national security), in order to legally authorise the use of \u00abenhanced interrogation techniques\u00bb. The courts put a stop to this. This was followed by a period of accommodation: mass surveillance was consolidated through a broad reinterpretation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, followed by legislative reforms designed to secure the cooperation of private telecommunications operators.<\/p><p><strong>Restricting individuals, regulating businesses.<\/strong> When it comes to terrorism, security takes precedence over justice, and the aim is to criminalise behaviour before it results in an act. This approach has led to a judicial extension of the definition of \u00abmaterial support\u00bb for a terrorist organisation, as illustrated by the conviction of John Walker Lindh. With regard to businesses, the aim is not to secure a criminal conviction following a trial, but to ensure compliance and active cooperation. To achieve this, Washington applies the extraterritorial reach of its law, using the US dollar as a criterion for jurisdiction over any transaction passing through a correspondent bank located in the United States.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the strategic debate in October, the IHEDN welcomed Mark Corcoral, who holds a PhD in political science and is an associate researcher at Sciences Po\u2019s Centre for International Research, to discuss his book *Le droit en armes. Lawfare and national security in the United States*.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":64096,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"page_builder":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[172],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notre-actualite"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le droit comme instrument de puissance : le lawfare am\u00e9ricain au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat strat\u00e9gique - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ihedn.fr\/en\/notre-actualite\/le-droit-comme-instrument-de-puissance-le-lawfare-americain-au-coeur-du-debat-strategique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le droit comme instrument de puissance : le lawfare am\u00e9ricain au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat strat\u00e9gique - L&#039;IHEDN : Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour le d\u00e9bat strat\u00e9gique d\u2019octobre, l\u2019IHEDN a re\u00e7u Mark Corcoral, docteur en science politique et chercheur associ\u00e9 au Centre de recherches internationales de Sciences Po, autour de son ouvrage \u00ab Le droit en armes. 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