In addition to national defence, the concept of national security therefore encompasses the management of crises that are serious enough to affect our society, our institutions or our powerful interests: natural or technological disasters, epidemics, criminal phenomena with a systemic dimension, etc. Even if they do not result from an intention to cause harm, these crises nevertheless affect the organisation of the State or its political system, and operators of vital importance (OIV: critical infrastructures or companies). It is therefore no longer a question of threatsbut risks.